An Evaluation of Nurses' Role in Improving Vaccination Coverage Among Infants at Federal Medical Centre, Jalingo
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Background of the Study
Vaccination is one of the most effective public health interventions, significantly reducing infant mortality and morbidity caused by vaccine-preventable diseases such as measles, polio, and pneumonia (CDC, 2024). Nurses play a pivotal role in immunization programs, conducting health education, administering vaccines, maintaining cold chain storage, and addressing parental concerns about vaccine safety.
Despite global efforts to increase vaccination coverage, Nigeria continues to experience challenges in achieving optimal immunization rates. Factors such as vaccine hesitancy, logistical challenges, and inadequate healthcare infrastructure contribute to suboptimal coverage, particularly in rural and underserved communities (UNICEF, 2023). Federal Medical Centre, Jalingo, serves as a referral hospital providing maternal and child health services, including routine immunization programs. The role of nurses in improving vaccination coverage is crucial in ensuring that more infants receive the full schedule of recommended vaccines. This study seeks to evaluate how effectively nurses contribute to increasing vaccination rates and addressing barriers to immunization.
Statement of the Problem
Nigeria has one of the lowest childhood vaccination rates in sub-Saharan Africa, with preventable diseases still posing a significant threat to infant health (WHO, 2024). Despite the presence of vaccination programs at Federal Medical Centre, Jalingo, coverage rates remain below national targets. Nurses are often the primary healthcare providers responsible for vaccination services, yet their roles in ensuring adequate immunization coverage have not been fully explored. This study aims to assess nurses’ contributions to improving vaccination uptake among infants and identify challenges affecting vaccine delivery.
Objectives of the Study
1. To assess the role of nurses in increasing vaccination coverage among infants at Federal Medical Centre, Jalingo.
2. To evaluate the effectiveness of nurse-led immunization education in reducing vaccine hesitancy among parents.
3. To identify barriers affecting vaccination coverage and nurses’ strategies in overcoming these challenges.
Research Questions
1. What role do nurses play in improving vaccination coverage among infants?
2. How effective are nurse-led educational interventions in addressing vaccine hesitancy?
3. What are the major challenges affecting immunization efforts, and how do nurses address them?
Research Hypotheses
1. Nurses play a significant role in increasing vaccination coverage among infants.
2. Nurse-led immunization education significantly reduces vaccine hesitancy among parents.
3. Barriers such as inadequate vaccine supply, parental misconceptions, and lack of healthcare access negatively impact vaccination rates.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on nurses working in maternal and child health units, immunization centers, and pediatric clinics at Federal Medical Centre, Jalingo. Data collection will include surveys, interviews, and hospital immunization records. Limitations may include discrepancies in vaccine documentation, reluctance of parents to discuss vaccine hesitancy, and variations in nurse training on immunization practices.
Definitions of Terms
• Vaccination Coverage: The percentage of infants receiving recommended immunizations within a specified period.
• Vaccine Hesitancy: The delay or refusal of vaccines despite their availability.
• Cold Chain Storage: The process of maintaining vaccines at the required temperature from production to administration.
• Immunization Education: The process by which healthcare providers inform parents and caregivers about the importance, safety, and schedule of vaccines.
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